Among the most common measures companies are implementing focus on driving energy efficiency in day-to-day facility operations.

Take U.S. computer giant Dell, which reuses wastewater generated during chip manufacturing for landscape irrigation at its facility in Xiamen, China.

Initiatives like this can reduce utility consumption by up to 30%, JLL data shows. But retrofitting an existing facility with the right infrastructure, such as pipes and flow switches, poses considerable challenges compared to incorporating them into new constructions.

“New plants are built at the best suitable sites with access to optimum supply chain capabilities and ideal infrastructure of the highest energy efficiency,” says Goh. “Existing plants, on the other hand, have to adapt and change quickly because of technologies emerging every three to five years.”

To put the massive utility use into context, semiconductor manufacturing in Singapore consumes 100 million liters of water per day — the equivalent of daily water use in 86,000 U.S. households.

Several semiconductor companies have publicly committed to ambitious goals to tackle this problem. One such example is technology giant Intel, which outlined net-positive water goals to return more freshwater to local communities than it consumes, which has proven successful in their operations across United States, Costa Rica, and India.

In the search for other solutions to optimize energy use, many manufacturers have also turned to digital technology solutions like AI, which complements smart sensors around their facilities that gather intelligence on capacity, volume, and other operational data.

“AI is then used to learn and train the system to automatically trigger the right facility process controls accurately and provide the desired outputs at speed,” says Goh.

Despite its capabilities, AI is only an enabler for maintaining a facility at optimum efficiency.

The bulk of the responsibility still lies with the on-site facilities team to identify areas for improvement, starting with the lowest-hanging fruit, Goh says.

“Conducting an ESG audit, for instance, will help pinpoint potential enhancements from the introduction of efficient lighting solutions to the more complex capital expenditure projects such as upgrading chillers and exhaust fans to energy-efficient alternatives,” he says.