Policy and guidance are helping evolve retrofit solutions for historical buildings. The EU-funded RIBuild project aims to make it easier to fit internal insulation by developing comprehensive decision guidelines, which could help save up to 15-20% in energy consumption.

It’s not just commercial buildings in focus; schemes are underway to understand how to sensitively retrofit residential heritage buildings and add social value. UK social landlord Peabody, for example is implementing ‘fabric first’ upgrade measures which target heat loss from buildings across a variety of housing types, from Victorian cottages to 1960s developments.

In Barcelona, the ShowPass residence was an early 20^th century, uninsulated building affected by condensation and mold. Phased retrofit works cut energy demand by 80% while preserving the traditional façade through interior insulation and airtight layers. Today it hosts open days to showcase its energy solutions.

Across properties, retrofitting efforts are starting to incorporate more modern methods where relevant. Radiant floors using water pipes for heating can be installed without altering original floorboards. Cross-laminated timber can restore floors with both durability and structural authenticity. Solar PPAs could help developers access custom renewable energy solutions that don’t compromise historic building design.

“There’s growing momentum behind more innovative solutions to retrofitting protected buildings. Technology is improving and that’s creating more opportunities for finding creative retrofit solutions,” says Draper.

Beyond the fit-out, measures to bring about behavioural change in the building’s occupiers can also have a significant impact – such as installing automatic metering and smart building systems to track and optimize energy consumption. Green leases can also help ensure that tenants consider their fit-out and operations through a more sustainable lens.

In some cases, adaptive reuse will need to be considered alongside retrofitting. Take Grade II-listed Canada House in Manchester which was built in 1909 as a warehouse. It was bought by investment company Kinrise and repurposed as a modern, energy-efficient coworking space while retaining many of its original features.

“It’s important to understand what the community and investor appetite for a building is, whether a change of use is feasible and the implications for capital expenditure,” says Albaladejo. “For example, conversions to residential buildings could help meet Europe’s growing housing demand. Conversions into university spaces can help ensure historic buildings remain integrated in communities.”

As pressure to decarbonize real estate mounts, there’s a balance to find between preserving the past and creating a more sustainable future.

“Real estate needs to unlock more retrofit opportunities” says Draper. “Environmental, social and economic growth needs to be considered when assessing these opportunities to ensure iconic buildings remain integrated in communities for generations to come.”