The future of quantum real estate

• Quantum computing is already a real estate story. Most real estate professionals are just catching up. JLL is tracking more than 240 quantum facilities across 35 countries, with nine distinct facility types identified. Quantum real estate exists now, concentrated in ecosystems where universities, the private sector and government have created conditions for compounding growth.
• Quantum commercialization will be dual tracked, including both on-premise deployments and cloud-based services. Governments and enterprises requiring data sovereignty and security will invest in dedicated on-premise installations. Cloud-based quantum services will drive deployments inside data centers and HPC facilities. Both tracks create distinct, and growing, real estate demand.
• Quantum computing strengthens the data center investment thesis. It doesn't disrupt it. Quantum will not displace classical computing, it will integrate alongside it as a specialized, high-value layer of compute within the digital infrastructure stack. Quantum is already being deployed inside data centers with significant scaling expected over the next several years.

Quantum real estate spans nine distinct facility types; public ownership dominates today, but the ownership mix is shifting
 

Quantum real estate refers to the physical infrastructure supporting the research, fabrication, and deployment of quantum computing systems. JLL has identified more than 240 quantum facilities across 35 countries and nine facility types.

Most facilities are modest in scale, typically under 150,000 square feet, owned by universities or government agencies, and anchored to campuses where talent concentrates. These institutions typically host a mix of academic, government, and enterprise tenants under formal partnerships.

However, the ownership and facility mix is shifting. Commercial data center and HPC deployments have accelerated, and privately developed facilities through adaptive reuse and purpose-built construction are emerging to support R&D, fabrication, and cloud-based quantum services.

Quantum computing investment is sharply concentrated, with the U.S. and China representing more than half the global funding. The rivalry echoes the U.S.-China race in semiconductors and AI, where technological leadership doubles as strategic advantage.

Globally, quantum remains a sovereign story. Governments account for 70% of tracked funding, treating the technology as national strategy. The United States breaks that pattern, with private capital recently emerging as the primary driver of its quantum investment, reflecting investor conviction.

The government-versus-private funding split carries real estate consequences: government funding tends to follow public siting processes and timelines, while private capital can more directly shape where facilities locate, how quickly they are built, and who ends up owning them.

In 2025, quantum investment broke out, with private and public capital reaching $9.3 billion, over five times the 2024 total.

Growth in venture financing accounts for much of this, but the standout story is public markets: IPOs raised $5.5 billion, roughly nine times 2024. Most of that was capital raised by companies listed. IonQ alone raised over $2 billion across two secondary offerings, alongside sizeable raises from D-Wave and Rigetti.

That pattern flipped in 2026, with a wave of private quantum companies going public, led by Quantinuum ($1.7 billion) and IQM, with Infleqtion ($550 million) and Xanadu ($500 million) earlier in the year. Terra Quantum ($3.5 billion) and Pasqal ($2 billion) have deals pending. Public markets have shifted from funding incumbents to onboarding a new cohort of quantum companies.

Government is expected to dominate quantum demand over the next decade. National security, data sovereignty, and large public investment programs point to governments procuring and operating systems on-premise, making this the single largest share of the market.

Cloud-based access will remain the lowest-barrier route to quantum capability for most organizations heading into the 2030s. This service is delivered through data centers and HPC infrastructure.

• Talent will decide where quantum facilities develop, not land or power. Only one qualified candidate exists for every three open quantum roles today, making talent pipelines, not land or power, the deciding factor in site selection. Investors developing near that talent, particularly around universities, will hold a structural advantage as deployments scale.
• Private capital will outpace government funding as quantum infrastructure scales. Government funding laid quantum's foundation. But as commercialization nears, private investors are stepping in at unprecedented levels, just as firms must build out infrastructure to ramp. This capital will likely favor private developers that move at the speed of technology.
• Multiple quantum modalities will require tailored real estate solutions. Unlike AI's convergence on GPUs, quantum computing won't settle on one modality. Experts agree multiple modalities will persist, each with unique advantages and space requirements. Generic templates won't work. Investors and tenants must partner closely to tailor each space.