A guide to biocontainment lab design

As the demand for advanced life science research facilities continues to grow, big pharmaceutical companies and investors are increasingly turning their attention to biocontainment laboratories. These specialized facilities present unique challenges and opportunities.

Here are some key considerations for biocontainment laboratory projects, that will ensure compliance, saftey, and long-term value.

1. Understanding Containment Levels

Containment measures prevent the spread of hazardous agents and protect personnel and the environment. Biocontainment laboratories are classified into different levels based on the risk associated with the biological agents handled. Each level requires specific design elements:

• CL2: Suitable for low to moderate risk agents. Requires basic safety protocols and impermeable surfaces.

• CL3: For high-risk agents. Needs restricted access, negative pressure environments, and HEPA filtration of exhaust air.

• CL4: For the most hazardous agents. Demands the highest level of containment, including double HEPA filtration and full sealability for decontamination.

Understanding these levels is crucial for determining construction requirements and potential tenant needs.

2. Adaptability and Future-Proofing

Adequate space for each worker is essential, typically at least 11 cubic meters per person, and should facilitate ease of ergonomic adjustments to optimise comfort and safety. Design with flexibility in mind. The biotech industry evolves rapidly, and research needs change.

Consider:

• Modular designs that allow for easy reconfiguration

• Scalable infrastructure to accommodate future technologies

• Spaces that can be upgraded from lower to higher containment levels with minimal reconstruction

3. Advanced Air Handling and Ventilation Systems

Air management is critical in biocontainment facilities. The design should include general and local exhaust ventilation, temperature control, and humidity control systems. Ideally, controls and service areas should be located outside the laboratory containment area.

• Implement sophisticated HVAC systems with HEPA filtration

• Design for negative pressure environments in higher containment levels

• Ensure proper positioning of air inlets and exhausts to prevent cross-contamination

4. Materials and Surface Considerations

Choose materials that enhance safety and longevity:

• Impervious, smooth surfaces resistant to water and common disinfectants

• Durable flooring and bench materials that can withstand frequent cleaning and decontamination

• Non-porous, easy-to-clean finishes throughout the facility

5. Regulatory Compliance and Certification

Complying with COSHH regulations and implementing robust containment measures are paramount in mitigating risks and protecting both laboratory personnel and the wider community. Before operational use, the laboratory and its equipment must undergo rigorous testing to meet design and safety standards.

• Adhere to COSHH regulations and other relevant health and safety legislation

• Design to meet or exceed guidelines from authoritative bodies like ACDP and BSI

• Plan for rigorous commissioning and validation processes before operational use

6. Emergency and Safety Features

Incorporate robust safety measures:

• Design for sealable laboratories to enable effective fumigation

• Include emergency shower and eyewash stations

• Implement advanced access control systems, especially for higher containment levels

• Install observation windows or alternative monitoring methods for supervision

7. Waste Management and Decontamination

Plan for specialized waste handling needs:

• Design dedicated areas for waste segregation, storage, and treatment

• Include autoclave facilities for on-site sterilization

• Consider the flow of materials and waste to minimize contamination risks

8. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Balance safety with sustainability:

• Implement energy-efficient systems without compromising containment

• Consider heat recovery systems from exhaust air

• Explore sustainable materials that meet stringent cleaning and decontamination requirements

Developing biocontainment laboratories requires a deep understanding of both scientific needs and regulatory requirements. By focusing on the key considerations, developers and investors can create facilities that are not only safe and compliant, but also attractive to potential life science tenants. As the demand for these specialized facilities grows, those who can deliver high-quality, adaptable biocontainment laboratories will be well-positioned in this dynamic market.

For more advice on life sciences projects and development please contact Richard Cairnes.